Menopause and its management
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Patient Information Leaflet
Menopause and Its Management
What is menopause?
Menopause is a natural stage in a woman’s life, marking the end of menstrual cycles. It is diagnosed after 12 consecutive months without a period and typically occurs between the ages of 45 and 55. In Australia, the average age of menopause is 51.
What are the symptoms of menopause?
Symptoms vary but may include:
– Hot flushes and night sweats.
– Vaginal dryness and discomfort during intercourse.
– Mood swings, irritability, or anxiety.
– Sleep disturbances.
– Fatigue and difficulty concentrating.
– Joint and muscle pain.
– Weight gain and changes in body shape.
What causes menopause?
Menopause occurs due to a decline in the production of reproductive hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone, by the ovaries. It can also result from surgical removal of the ovaries, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy.
How is menopause managed?
Management focuses on relieving symptoms and improving quality of life. Options include:
1. Lifestyle Changes:
– Regular exercise to improve mood, sleep, and bone health.
– A balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D to support bone health.
– Stress management techniques, such as mindfulness or yoga.
2. Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT):
– MHT, previously known as Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT), is the most effective treatment for menopausal symptoms like hot flushes and night sweats.
– It also helps prevent bone loss and reduces the risk of osteoporosis.
– MHT is tailored to individual needs and should be discussed with a healthcare provider.
3. Non-Hormonal Treatments:
– Certain antidepressants, gabapentin, or clonidine may help manage hot flushes and night sweats.
– Vaginal moisturizers and lubricants can alleviate vaginal dryness.
4. Complementary Therapies:
– Acupuncture, herbal remedies, and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) may provide symptom relief for some women.
What are the risks and benefits of MHT?
The Australasian Menopause Society highlights that MHT is generally safe for most women when started within 10 years of menopause or before the age of 60. However, it may slightly increase the risk of breast cancer, blood clots, and stroke in some women. A healthcare provider can help weigh the risks and benefits based on individual health factors.
When should I seek medical advice?
Consult a healthcare provider if:
– Symptoms significantly affect your quality of life.
– You experience unusual bleeding or pain.
– You have concerns about your bone health or cardiovascular risk.
Where can I find more information?
For detailed guidance, visit the [Australasian Menopause Society] (https://www.menopause.org.au/hp/information-sheets/ams-guide-to-mht-hrt-doses) or the [Royal Women’s Hospital](https://www.thewomens.org.au/health-information/menopause-information/managing-menopause).