Colposcopy
Empowering Women's Health
CERVICAL Abnormalities
"In Australia, cervical screening abnormalities are managed effectively and efficiently through the National Cervical Screening Program. By HPV-based screening, we can identify high-risk situations promptly, facilitating timely interventions and treatment. I strive to offer an individualised care with facility to perform colposcopy & cervical biopsy in my rooms without a delay, ensuring a prompt treatment if needed. I aim to establish a transparent communication to assist women throughout their health journey. "
Patient Information
Cervical Screening Abnormalities and Colposcopy
What is cervical screening?
Cervical screening is a test to detect the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and any changes in the cells of the cervix that could lead to cervical cancer. In Australia, the National Cervical Screening Program recommends a Cervical Screening Test every five years for women and people with a cervix aged 25 to 74.
What does an abnormal cervical screening result mean?
An abnormal result does not necessarily mean you have cervical cancer. It indicates that HPV has been detected or there are changes in the cervical cells that require further investigation. These changes are often minor and may resolve on their own,
but some may need treatment to prevent progression.
What happens after an abnormal result?
If your screening test shows abnormalities, your healthcare provider may recommend:
– A repeat test in 12 months to monitor changes.
– A colposcopy for a closer examination of the cervix.
What is a colposcopy?
A colposcopy is a procedure that uses a special magnifying instrument (colposcope) to examine the cervix, vagina, and vulva for abnormalities. It is usually performed in a clinic and takes about 15-20 minutes.
What happens during a colposcopy?
During the procedure:
– You will lie on an examination table, similar to a Pap test.
– The colposcope is positioned outside the vagina to provide a magnified view of the cervix.
– A solution may be applied to highlight abnormal areas.
– If necessary, a small tissue sample (biopsy) may be taken for further analysis.
Is a colposcopy painful?
Most women find the procedure to be slightly uncomfortable but not painful. If a biopsy is taken, you may feel a brief pinch or cramp.
What are the possible outcomes of a colposcopy?
The results of a colposcopy can confirm whether the cervical changes are:
– Low-grade (less likely to progress to cancer).
– High-grade (requiring treatment to prevent progression).
– Indicative of other conditions that need further management.
What are the treatment options for abnormal cervical cells?
Treatment depends on the severity of the abnormalities and may include:
– Monitoring with regular follow-up tests.
– Removing abnormal cells through procedures like LLETZ (Large Loop Excision of the Transformation Zone) or laser therapy.
What do Australian guidelines recommend?
The National Cervical Screening Program emphasizes:
– Regular screening to detect abnormalities early.
– Prompt follow-up of abnormal results with colposcopy or other investigations.
– Individualized care based on the type and severity of abnormalities.
When should I see a doctor?
You should consult your healthcare provider if you experience symptoms such as unusual vaginal bleeding, pain during intercourse, or persistent pelvic pain, even if your last screening test was normal.
For more information, you can refer to the [National Cervical Screening Program](https://www.health.gov.au/our-work/national-cervical-screening-program) or the [Cancer Council Australia](https://www.cancer.org.au/clinical-guidelines/cervical-cancer/cervical-cancer-screening).
"Colposcopy and LLETZ are essential procedures for diagnosing and treating cervical abnormalities. As a BSCCP accredited colposcopist, I believe in providing skilled care, with clear explanation & reassurance to guarantee successful treatment in a supportive environment."
Patient Information Leaflet
LLETZ Therapy
What is LLETZ Therapy?
LLETZ (Large Loop Excision of the Transformation Zone) is a procedure used to remove abnormal cells from the cervix. It is commonly performed after abnormal results from a Pap smear or cervical screening test. The goal is to prevent these abnormal cells from developing into cervical cancer.
Why is LLETZ Therapy Performed?
LLETZ is recommended to treat:
– High-grade abnormalities (CIN2 or CIN3) detected during cervical screening.
– Abnormal cells that could progress to cervical cancer if left untreated.
What Happens During the Procedure?
1. Preparation:
– The procedure is usually performed under local anaesthesia in an outpatient setting.
– You may be asked to avoid sexual activity, tampons, or swimming for a few days before the procedure.
2. The Procedure:
– A thin wire loop is used to remove the abnormal tissue from the cervix.
– The procedure takes about 10–15 minutes and is guided by a colposcope (a magnifying instrument).
3. After the Procedure:
– The removed tissue is sent to a laboratory for further analysis.
– You may experience mild cramping, spotting, or discharge for a few weeks.
What Are the Benefits of LLETZ?
– Removes abnormal cells effectively.
– Prevents the progression of cervical abnormalities to cancer.
– Minimally invasive with a quick recovery time.
Are There Any Risks?
LLETZ is generally safe, but potential risks include:
– Infection or bleeding.
– Narrowing of the cervix (cervical stenosis), which may affect future pregnancies.
– Increased risk of preterm birth in future pregnancies.
Your doctor will discuss these risks with you before the procedure.
How to Prepare for LLETZ Therapy?
– Inform your doctor about any medications, allergies, or medical conditions.
– Follow any specific instructions provided, such as avoiding certain activities before the procedure.
Aftercare and Recovery
– Avoid sexual activity, tampons, and swimming for 4–6 weeks to allow healing.
– Attend follow-up appointments to monitor recovery and discuss results.
– Contact your doctor if you experience heavy bleeding, severe pain, or signs of infection (e.g., fever or foul-smelling discharge).
References
This leaflet is based on guidelines from the [Cancer Council Australia](https://www.cancer.org.au/clinical-guidelines/cervical-cancer/cervical-cancer-screening/management-histologically-confirmed-high-grade-squamous-abnormalities/treatment-of-hsil) and the [National Cervical Screening Program](https://www.cancer.org.au/clinical-guidelines/cervical-cancer/cervical-cancer-screening/colposcopy/treatment).