Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT)
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Patient Information
Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT)
What is preimplantation genetic testing (PGT)?
PGT is a procedure used during in vitro fertilization (IVF) to test embryos for genetic conditions or chromosomal abnormalities before implantation. It helps identify embryos with the best chance of developing into a healthy pregnancy.
What types of PGT are available?
There are three main types of PGT:
1. PGT-A (Aneuploidy): Screens for chromosomal abnormalities that can lead to miscarriage or conditions like Down syndrome.
2. PGT-M (Monogenic Disorders): Tests for specific genetic conditions, such as cystic fibrosis or Huntington’s disease.
3. PGT-SR (Structural Rearrangements): Detects chromosomal structural issues, such as translocations, that may affect embryo viability.
Who can benefit from PGT?
PGT may be recommended for:
– Couples with a history of genetic conditions.
– Women over 35, who have a higher risk of chromosomal abnormalities.
– Couples with recurrent miscarriages or failed IVF cycles.
– Individuals with chromosomal rearrangements.
How is PGT performed?
PGT involves:
1. IVF Cycle: Eggs are fertilized with sperm in a laboratory to create embryos.
2. Embryo Biopsy: A few cells are taken from each embryo for testing.
3. Genetic Analysis: The cells are analyzed for genetic or chromosomal issues.
4. Embryo Selection: Healthy embryos are selected for transfer to the uterus.
What are the benefits of PGT?
– Reduces the risk of passing on genetic conditions.
– Improves the chances of a successful pregnancy.
– Minimizes the risk of miscarriage.
Are there limitations or risks?
– PGT does not guarantee pregnancy or eliminate all risks.
– The procedure adds cost and complexity to IVF.
– Embryo biopsy is generally safe but carries a small risk of damage to the embryo.
What do Australian guidelines recommend?
The Reproductive Technology Council in Australia emphasizes:
– PGT should be offered to couples at high risk of genetic conditions or recurrent pregnancy loss.
– Clinics must adhere to strict ethical and regulatory standards.
– Genetic counseling is essential to help couples understand the benefits, risks, and limitations of PGT.
When should I consider PGT?
You should discuss PGT with your healthcare provider if:
– You have a family history of genetic conditions.
– You have experienced recurrent miscarriages or failed IVF cycles.
– You are concerned about chromosomal abnormalities due to age or other factors.