Uterine fibroids
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PATIENT INFORMATION
Uterine Fibroids
What are uterine fibroids?
Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths that develop in the muscle layer of the uterus (womb). They are also known as leiomyomas or myomas. Fibroids are common, affecting up to 70% of women under 50 in Australia, although many women may not experience symptoms.
What are the symptoms of fibroids?
Symptoms can vary depending on the size, number, and location of the fibroids.
Common symptoms include:
– Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding.
– Pelvic pain or pressure.
– Painful periods.
– Frequent urination or difficulty emptying the bladder.
– Constipation.
– Pain during intercourse.
– A feeling of fullness or swelling in the lower abdomen.
What causes fibroids?
The exact cause of fibroids is unknown, but they are linked to hormonal factors, particularly oestrogen and progesterone, which stimulate their growth. Risk factors include:
– Family history of fibroids.
– Early onset of menstruation.
– Obesity.
– High blood pressure.
– Being of African descent.
How are fibroids diagnosed?
Diagnosis typically involves:
– A review of symptoms and medical history.
– A pelvic examination.
– Imaging tests such as an ultrasound or MRI.
– In some cases, procedures like hysteroscopy or laparoscopy may be used to examine the uterus.
How do fibroids affect fertility?
Fibroids can sometimes impact fertility by:
– Distorting the shape of the uterus.
– Blocking the fallopian tubes.
– Interfering with implantation of a fertilized egg.
However, most women with fibroids can conceive and have a normal pregnancy.
What are the treatment options for fibroids?
Treatment depends on the severity of symptoms, the size and location of the fibroids, and whether you wish to have children in the future. Options include:
– Medications: To manage symptoms like heavy bleeding or pain.
– Minimally invasive procedures: Such as uterine artery embolization or endometrial ablation.
– Surgical options: Myomectomy (removal of fibroids) or hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) for severe cases.
– Lifestyle changes: Maintaining a healthy weight and managing stress may help reduce symptoms.
When should I see a doctor?
You should consult a doctor if you experience:
– Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding.
– Severe pelvic pain or pressure.
– Difficulty getting pregnant.
– Symptoms that interfere with your daily life.
For more detailed information, you can refer to resources like the [Royal Women’s Hospital] (https://www.thewomens.org.au/images/uploads/fact-sheets/Fibroids-2018.pdf) or [Jean Hailes](https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/ovaries-uterus/fibroids).